On December 17, 2025, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) issued a press release announcing that it is taking action against Illusory Systems, Inc. “for failing to implement adequate data security measures, leading to a major security breach in which hackers stole $186 million from consumers.”

In its complaint, the FTC alleged that Illusory, doing business as Nomad, “designed, operated, and advertised a service that allows users to transfer messages and assets, a type of platform commonly known as a ‘cross-chain bridge.’” A cross-chain bridge is also known as a crypto or blockchain bridge. A crypto bridge enables the transfer of digital assets between two different blockchain networks. It allows crypto owners to transfer tokens from one cryptocurrency network to another. Trusted bridges are operated by a centralized authority, and trustless bridges are decentralized and use smart contracts and validators.

In this case, Nomad was a trustless bridge and relied on smart contracts. In June of 2022, Nomad introduced new code for a smart contract that included a security vulnerability. Threat actors exploited the vulnerability and “virtually all assets in the bridge—worth approximately $186 million—were transferred out. Nomad users lost more than $100 million.” The complaint alleges that Nomad was warned about inadequate testing of the code but deployed it, nonetheless.

The FTC alleges that Nomad’s failure to implement adequate security measures led to the breach. It alleges that Nomad marketed itself as a “security-first” platform but failed to:

  • Use secure coding practices.
  • Implement vulnerability reporting and incident response processes.
  • Adopt widely known security technologies that could have mitigated losses.

The FTC further alleges that after the vulnerability was exploited, Nomad lacked adequate incident response measures, delaying mitigation and amplifying consumer harm.

The proposed order:

  • prohibits Nomad from making false or misleading statements about the security of its products or services;
  • requires Nomad to establish and maintain a documented security program;
  • requires Nomad to undergo biennial independent security audits; and
  • requires Nomad to return any recovered funds and repay approximately $37.5 million to users who remain uncompensated

The proposed order is open for public comment for the next 30 days. If you are a Nomad user and have not been reimbursed for the cryptocurrency loss, you may be in luck if you are included in the proposed $37.5 million reimbursement requirement of the proposed order.

Photo of Linn Foster Freedman Linn Foster Freedman

Linn Freedman practices in data privacy and security law, cybersecurity, and complex litigation. She is a member of the Business Litigation Group and the Financial Services Cyber-Compliance Team, and chairs the firm’s Data Privacy and Security and Artificial Intelligence Teams. Linn focuses her…

Linn Freedman practices in data privacy and security law, cybersecurity, and complex litigation. She is a member of the Business Litigation Group and the Financial Services Cyber-Compliance Team, and chairs the firm’s Data Privacy and Security and Artificial Intelligence Teams. Linn focuses her practice on compliance with all state and federal privacy and security laws and regulations. She counsels a range of public and private clients from industries such as construction, education, health care, insurance, manufacturing, real estate, utilities and critical infrastructure, marine and charitable organizations, on state and federal data privacy and security investigations, as well as emergency data breach response and mitigation. Linn is an Adjunct Professor of the Practice of Cybersecurity at Brown University and an Adjunct Professor of Law at Roger Williams University School of Law.  Prior to joining the firm, Linn served as assistant attorney general and deputy chief of the Civil Division of the Attorney General’s Office for the State of Rhode Island. She earned her J.D. from Loyola University School of Law and her B.A., with honors, in American Studies from Newcomb College of Tulane University. She is admitted to practice law in Massachusetts and Rhode Island. Read her full rc.com bio here.